Fallout uses stats rolls, like a conventional roleplaying game.
Some things require checks where a "dice" is rolled.
The outcome of these checks are based on your special stats.
Luck, for example, affects weapon drop on a critical miss,
or armor bypass on a critical hit. Thus high luck is better for a tank as well, of course.
However, I cannot tell how much it affects the outcome, since it may not be the only stat responsible.
It could just as well be the sum of EN, AG and LK. Personally, I prefer having a LK of ~5.